The term zoophilia derives from the combination of two nouns in Greek: ζῷον ( zṓion, meaning "animal") and φιλία ( philia, meaning "(fraternal) love"). The term zoophilia was introduced into the field of research on sexuality in Psychopathia Sexualis (1886) by Krafft-Ebing, who described a number of cases of "violation of animals (bestiality)", as well as "zoophilia erotica", which he defined as a sexual attraction to animal skin or fur. Zoosadism specifically is one member of the Macdonald triad of precursors to sociopathic behavior. Ernest Bornemann (1990, cited by Rosenbauer, 1997) coined the separate term zoosadism for those who derive pleasure – sexual or otherwise – from inflicting pain on animals. "Bestiosexuality" was discussed briefly by Allen (1979), but never became widely established. Zooerasty, sodomy, and zooerastia are other terms closely related to the subject but are less synonymous with the former terms, and are seldom used.
People with zoophilia are known as "zoophiles", though also sometimes as "zoosexuals", or even very simply "zoos". Furthermore, some zoophiles report they have never had sexual contact with an animal. Some studies have found a preference for animals is rare among people who engage in sexual contact with animals. Some researchers distinguish between zoophilia (as a persistent sexual interest in animals) and bestiality (as sexual acts with animals), because bestiality is often not driven by a sexual preference for animals. Three key terms commonly used in regards to the subject- zoophilia, bestiality, and zoosexuality-are often used somewhat interchangeably.
3.2 Historical and cultural perspectives.
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